6 Different Types Of Water Filter Cartridges (with Pictures)

Water filtration systems have become much more effective. If you beloved this report and you would like to acquire much more information about membrane housing (intensedebate.com) kindly stop by our web site. Complicated than in the past. It’s common to see three to five separate filtration chambers on a single filter system. For multi-stage filtration, different types of filter cartridges are used in each canister. Each filter will remove a specific type of compound from your water, resulting in a thoroughly purified drinking water. Some remove sediment and particles, others filter out chemicals, another one may kill bacteria, and so on. Once the water is stripped, an alkalization ionizer can even reintroduce the essential minerals that some filters strip from your water. After reading this article, you’ll understand RO housing what each of these filter cartridges does and how they work, which will help you decide which ones are best suited for your situation.

The 6 Different Types of Water Filter Cartridges:

1. Sediment Filter Cartridges

No one wants to take a big swig of water just to end up with a mouthful of sand and dirt! Sediment filters are meant to filter out these types of particles in your water. They can remove sand, dust, dirt, silt, rust, scale, and more. With a filtering size of one-micron, this type of filter cartridge won’t remove microscopic organisms, bacteria, chemicals, or anything else though. It only removes solid particles that are over one-micron in size, and they are generally the first filter in a multi-stage system.

2. Ceramic Filters Cartridges

Ceramic filters are unique in that they’re positively charged to attract bacteria to them. Once they contact the ceramic, silver infused in the filter distributes positively charged metal ions that destroy the bacteria. They last longer than many other filter types since they don’t get filled up with contaminants like pass-through filter cartridges. Ceramic filters will only remove bacteria. Don’t do anything to filter out particles.

3. Reverse Osmosis Membrane Cartridges

The membrane of a reverse osmosis filter cartridge is extremely dense, making it able to filter out even the tiniest particles. Some can remove contaminants such as microorganisms and viruses as small as 1/10,000th of a micron. These filters are extremely effective at removing almost everything from your water, including pesticides, chemicals, odors, and foul tastes.

4. Alkaline Ionizer Filter Cartridges

After passing through several water filters or even just a reverse osmosis filter, your water is likely stripped of the essential minerals that you need to get from drinking it. Alkaline ionizers add in natural minerals by passing the water through ionically activated mineral rocks. The water picks up mineral content from these rocks, which boosts the pH to balance out your water. This will result in an improvement in your overall health. Alkaline ionization helps the water to have more oxygen than regular water, as well as antioxidants and electrolytes that your body will thank you for.

5. Carbon filters are generally made with charcoal. They’re an inexpensive way to remove the most harmful toxins from your water. Better yet, carbon filters leave the mineral content of your water intact so that it’s not devoid of the essential minerals that you need. These filters are great for removing chlorine, VOCs, and many other chemicals, including those that cause bad tastes and foul odors. However, carbon filters are not very effective for removing salts, minerals, or sediment.

6. Ultraviolet Cartridges

Ultraviolet filters are different from the other cartridge filters in that the water doesn’t actually pass through it. It’s a lightbulb that fits inside of the cannister and kills bacteria and microorganisms by exposing them to ultra-violet light that destroys their DNA. Ultra-violet filters are the best way to kill fungi, salmonella, cysts, dysentery, algae, and all sorts of viruses and bacteria. These bulbs are designed to stay on all the time and will have a lifespan that’s measured in hours of run time instead of gallons of water purified like other filters.

From sediment filters that remove particles from your water, to ultra-violet filters that kill bacteria and microorganisms, many different filter cartridges exist to get your water filtration system up however you desire. For maximum effectiveness, several different types of filters should be used in conjunction. This will allow you to create a multi-stage filter system capable of removing any and all contaminants from your water. In the end, you’ll have incredibly clear, crisp, and delicious tasting drinking water that’s free of any undesirable chemicals, bacteria, viruses, tastes, odors, and more. You can’t put a price on health, but you can put a price on water filtration.

Supplements: Beneficial Or Bunk?

They look relatively simple, but there are actually six component parts to each fingernail.

©iStockphoto/Thinkstock

We bite them. We rely on them to peel fruit. We pop open cans with them. That’s a lot to ask of something smaller than a postage stamp. Made from the same type of protein as hair. Our fingernails are made of a protein called keratin, and there’s more to them than meets the eye.

Each of our nails is made up of six parts. The nail fold is the ridge of skin around the nail. The part we can see and normally call a fingernail (or toenail) is called the nail plate. Beneath the nail plate is the nail bed, which nourishes the nail. That half-moon-shaped area at the base of your nail is called the lunula, and it’s part of the nail matrix. The nail matrix is at the base of each nail, although you can’t see it — it’s below the cuticle, a fold of skin made of dead cells that keeps bacteria from getting in. The matrix makes the cells needed to grow your nails. The most common complaints we have about our nails is that they are brittle, they’ve developed an infection or we’ve injured them. You don’t need to rely on a mani-pedi to keep your fingers and toes looking good if you follow some basic at-home tips to help keep all of your finger and toenails healthy all year long. Let’s start with at-home remedies (and preventative tips) for brittle, easily broken nails.

Contents

Remedies for brittle, easily broken nails

Nail trauma: A Thumb-nail Sketch

Nothing Fun About Fungus

Supplements: beneficial or bunk?

Underlying disease? How Your Nails Might Help With Diagnosis

5: Remedies for brittle, easily broken nails

Brittle nails that split, peel and break easily are a common complaint.

Brittle nails can happen because nails are too dry, but they can also happen if nails are too soft. Because of this, health care professionals often have two recommendations: Apply light moisturizer daily, and avoid harsh chemicals.

In addition to keeping nails hydrated, experts recommend we avoid exposing them to harsh chemicals, including cleaning products and acidic foods, such as lemons and oranges. When working or cleaning, UV water sterilizer wear gloves to protect your skin and nails from damage — use vinyl gloves for wet work and cotton for dry work.

Hydrated Nails: How Moist is Too Moist?Keeping nails moisturized isn’t the same thing as keeping them moist. Where things turn ugly is when nails have prolonged exposure to water (for example, inside a sweaty shoe) — moist nails are very attractive to bacteria.

4: Nail trauma: A Thumb-nail Sketch

Your fingernails and toenails are there to help prevent injury to your digits, so from time to time your nails are likely to get injured in the line of duty (or in the strike line of a hammer’s head). Nail injuries can cause bruising, infection and may sometimes stunt nail growth.

Keeping your nails short can help prevent nail injury because you’ll be less likely to snag a nail or separate it from the nail bed. And while you can’t always prevent an accidental injury such as shutting your finger in a door or drawer, you can help reduce the risk of nail bed trauma with a little common sense: Don’t use your fingernails as if they were tools.Here are some fast facts about your nails: Your fingernails grow faster than your toenails. About one-eighth of an inch of new fingernail emerges every month. Fingernails also grow faster on your dominant hand, as do the nails on your middle and ring fingers (your longest fingers).

3: Nothing Fun About Fungus

Although yeast and other fungi and bacteria are equal-opportunity nail invaders, it’s more likely you’ll develop a fungal infection in your toenails than your fingernails. This is generally because the fungus that causes an infection in a nail is the same as the one that causes athlete’s foot. Athlete’s foot is a common infection; it can develop quickly in warm, moist places, such as inside your socks.

To help prevent fungal infections from invading your nails, keep all nails and cuticles clean and dry with a baking soda scrub, don’t bite your nails or pick at hangnails (which can open the door to a fungal or bacterial infection), and treat ingrown nails with saltwater soaks to keep them clean and infection-free.

Make Nail Trimming a SnapLooking for an easier way to trim your nails? Soak nails in a warm saltwater solution for 5 to 10 minutes, and then give them a trim.

2: Uv Water Sterilizer Supplements: beneficial or bunk?

Bananas are one of many natural sources of nail-boosting biotin.

© George Doyle/Thinkstock

Wish there were a magic pill to make nails strong and healthy, and keep them that way?

While it’s not a magic pill, some studies have found that the vitamin biotin may help build nail thickness and hardness while reducing the chance of splitting. And for people with brittle, soft nails, this could seem like magic. An easy way to boost your biotin intake is with a supplement, but foods many of us eat every day are also rich in the B vitamin, water treatment parts from salmon to carrots to bananas. While some consider calcium to be beneficial for nails, no scientific studies have found that to be true. And those claims that soaking your fingernails in gelatin will boost their strength and length? Well, that’s just bunk.

1: Underlying disease? How Your Nails Might Help With Diagnosis

Your nails may be telling more than when you had your last manicure. They may be cluing you. Your doctor in to potential health problems. For example, pitted nails may indicate undiagnosed psoriasis. Spoon nails (when the nails curve away from the nail bed to form a spoon shape) may give away an anemic condition, while clubbed nails (typified by an extreme, rounded curvature of the nail) may occur in people with cardiopulmonary disease or asthma.

Before you worry about every bruised nail bed and every hangnail, though, remember that most nail injuries and problems don’t lead to a diagnosis of lung disease or anemia. Most of the time, a bruised nail is just a bruised nail. If you notice changes in your nail health, texture or growth, visit your health care professional to determine the cause and treatment. Avoid polishes and other nail products that contain formaldehyde, avoid the glue used to apply artificial nails, and avoid or reduce your use of acetone-containing products such as some polish removers. All these things can cause dryness, irritation and allergic reactions in some people. And don’t get your cuticles cut — cutting them opens the door to bacteria and infection.

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What Is Reverse Osmosis And How Does A Semipermeable Membrane Work

One very effective method used to eliminate contaminants. Purify your family’s drinking water is a system known as reverse osmosis (RO). The technology behind reverse osmosis consists of a semipermeable membrane that removes larger particulates from drinking water. The membrane is designed to allow only certain molecules to pass through depending upon the molecule size, chemistry or reverse osmosis membrane blog solubility. Some membranes only allow molecules to pass through if they are bonded to another molecule. Testing your water is the first step in knowing what type of treatment you need for water contamination problems.

As more families are becoming health conscious and reverse osmosis membrane looking to improve their water supply, reverse osmosis systems have been gaining in popularity for their ability to efficiently and inexpensively provide pure, clean drinking water.

What Is A Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System?

An RO system is designed to remove bacterial and fungal deposits that may contaminate water and render it unsafe. Reverse osmosis is one of the best types of treatment systems because it removes germs and contaminants from water making it safe for cooking and consumption.

Residential RO systems are relatively new and increasingly popular, but the reverse osmosis process itself is not new. Discovered in 1748 by Jean-Antoine Nollet, it has been popular in large-scale commercial applications to remove debris and dissolved solids from water. In the early years, there was no consideration made for removing smaller contaminants and RO was effective at slowing the death rate from water-borne diseases common at that time. In 1908 chlorination began. Much improvement in RO performance was made. Chlorine was able to kill organisms that were invisible using technology of the time. Were too small to be trapped by RO membranes.

Even though RO systems were effective at removing larger debris, the membranes could not remove contaminant with molecules smaller than water. This meant that when water was pressed through the membrane other smaller sized molecules had free passage, just like the water. This was when the technology changed to include other filtration stages.

The water is passed through a series of filtration stages designed to capture contaminants with smaller molecules as well as tiny microorganisms at different levels of filtration. If the first two stages were not able to capture all of the contaminants, later stages could effectively remove them. Some residential RO systems contain up to six filtration stages.

These six stages are not simply for purification. During reverse osmosis, certain beneficial minerals like calcium, potassium and magnesium are removed along with contaminants. These minerals are beneficial to good health, in fact, our bodies require them to work properly. Since the RO system removes them, they can be reintroduced back into the water later on during the filtration process to give you not only clean drinking water but also to preserve the nutrients needed by your body to function properly.

Types Of Residential RO Systems

Residential RO systems are available in different configurations. The most common are “point of use” systems that reside near your faucet. Some models are installed on the kitchen counter; others install under the sink. If you cherished this posting and you would like to receive much more information about reverse osmosis membrane blog kindly visit our web-site. Each has benefits and drawbacks. Countertop models are relatively inexpensive, portable, and can travel to other locations in or outside of your home. Under the sink, models can produce greater quantities more quickly. If you have a large family, an under-sink RO system may make sense. If you’re seeking an inexpensive solution, a portable RO system might be a perfect choice.

Overall, residential reverse osmosis systems are a great, affordable way to get a supply of fresh, clean and pure drinking water in your home anytime. Do your due diligence. Speak with your water professional. The professionals at Skillings & Sons can help you make the best choice for your family’s unique needs.

But At What Cost?

Asphalt shingles tend to absorb a lot of heat, which often seeps into the structure below.

©iStockphoto.com/BanksPhotos

If someone dared you to walk across hot asphalt or hot metal — barefoot — you’d probably have a hard time deciding which would be worse. Well what if they were talking about climbing up on a tar-shingled or hot-tin roof? It’s still a close call. When it comes to which material can keep your home the coolest from the top down, though, one is definitely a hotter pick for keeping cool.

Asphalt shingles are the traditional choice for roofing in North America. In the Southwestern United States and in Florida, as well as Spain, Mexico and Greece, terra cotta and white tile roofing cover much of the housing landscape, but in most parts of the West, shingle roofing made of asphalt and fiberglass is still most common [source: InterNACHI]. These shingles are thin, flat rectangles that cover a roof in layers, with overlap areas to prevent any gaps. Nails and tacky backing secure pieces of shingling onto a roofing surface of plywood covered in roofing felt, or tar paper. Today’s metal roofing is available in various shapes, sizes and textures that resemble traditional roofing materials — from asphalt to slate to wood — and it also comes in large, pre-formed panels. Steel, aluminum, copper and even stainless steel roofing systems are available. Installation involves matching the seams of panels. Snapping or locking them together. Shaped tiles resembling the rectangular asphalt type are also available.

Both metal and asphalt roofing get the job done when it comes to sheltering a building, but they really part ways when it comes to durability, energy efficiency and cost. Asphalt shingles absorb a lot of heat, and that heat doesn’t stop at the roofline; it streams into the structure and increases the indoor temperature by 20 to 25 degrees [source: Florida Solar Energy Center]. Metal roofs, on the other hand, reflect the sun’s heat away from a building, leading to energy savings of about 50 percent, and they can be about 100 degrees cooler on the surface than traditional asphalt roofs [source: MRCA]. A shingle roof also weakens and curls over time, making it less of a full-proof barrier for the effects of rain, wind and other environmental forces, and necessitating roof maintenance and water filter element treatment parts – court.khotol.se.gov.mn, earlier replacement. A metal roof doesn’t take in all of the heat, it is very resistant to the elements when installed correctly, and it lasts much longer, needing little if any maintenance.

So which roof is more energy efficient in warmer climates? By far, it’s metal roofing, but how does it work?

Chickens and cows have long roosted and roasted under corrugated tin roofing. As an inexpensive and long-lasting material, metal covers agricultural out buildings, factory and industrial sheds, and makeshift housing. But plunking a big expanse of tin or other sheet metal over support walls isn’t likely to yield energy savings, or RO housing much comfort for that matter. Metal has a high conductivity — it holds a lot of heat — and if it’s dull and angled without taking advantage of reflectivity, heat will simply settle in and the space beneath will become like an oven.

Many scout groups and science classes experiment with reflectivity. Holding a mirror at an angle where it reflects the sun downward onto a flammable surface, such as a patch of dry grass, can start a fire if you wait long enough. That’s how powerful the sun’s reflective energy is. Holding a magnifying glass over dry grass on a sunny day magnifies the rays. Can also start a blaze from the heat energy. A white or light-colored metal surface reflects best under testing, at about 67 percent reflectivity, and even some newly developed “cool colors” send the rays away [source: Florida Solar Energy Center]. And while asphalt tiles don’t have the power of a magnifying glass, they do intensify the heat from the sun by holding it long after the sun itself has called it a day. Dark shingles, with a lower reflectivity of about 22 percent, tend to release the heat into the structure’s surrounding air below and make it warmer [source: Florida Solar Energy Center].

Of course, not many people would want a giant mirrored surface on the top of their lovely home, but most do want the energy savings or a break from the white noise hum of constant air conditioning, and that’s more than achievable with today’s metal roofing. With fitted whole-panel to single shingle-like designs, metal roof systems have come a long way from the backyard coop. Whether formed from the most popular steel and aluminum or the most expensive copper and stainless steel, metal roofs fit all housing and commercial architectural types.

But at what cost? Next we’ll look at the green and “how much green?” aspects.

Metal HeadWhen installed correctly and solidly, metal roofing is not going to echo the pitter-patter of rain or the prowling of fat cats or squirrels. Most metal roofs overlay existing roofs or are secured on top of a wood or even metal sub-roofing surface. You might hear large hail, though, and you want to avoid having a large — or small — person walking overhead, as both may have force enough to dent the metal.

©iStockphoto.com/Terry J Alcorn

Metal roofing costs at least two to three times more than shingle roofing. It costs less than slate or some premium woods, but it is initially a larger materials and installation investment than traditional shingles [source: Metal Roofing Alliance]. Long term, however, the savings add up with some tax credit options, widespread insurance breaks and longer warranties [source: MRCA and Metal Roofing Alliance]. Additionally, a metal roof is fireproof, requires little maintenance and is better for the environment because it decreases the need for running air conditioning and cooling systems. Poorly installed metal roofing is less efficient metal roofing.

Value and time: Cost-savings won’t be apparent immediately. Long-term savings and the possibility of a lifetime roof are appreciable, but only if you plan on staying in a property for many years.

Most places are moving in a green direction: Many regions have requirements for energy efficiency in new construction, and metal roofing has a wide range of options and ENERGY STAR ratings for meeting building codes.

Conscience and cost: Many individuals choose to pay more for the betterment of the environment, and metal roofing is one way to decrease the negative effects of dark roofing and energy overuse.

Waste not, want not: Metal roofing cuts down on waste in landfills because it is most often installed over the existing roofing, eliminating the need to dispose of the traditional tar-laden shingles.

Replacing or repairing a roof in warm climates will probably always be a hot job for the people doing the work, but metal roofing has some pretty cool payoffs. Check out the resources on the next page to find out more.

How Roofing Materials Work

How to Repair a Leaky Roof

Top 5 Things That Go Wrong in Too-fast Construction

How House Construction Works

What is the urban heat island effect?

California Energy Commission, Consumer Energy Center. “Frequently Asked Questions about Cool Roofs.” 2011. (Jan. 7, 2011)http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/coolroof/faq.html

Cool Roof Rating Council. “What’s So Cool About Cool Roofs?” McGraw-Hill Construction Continuing Education Center. March 2009. (Jan. 7, 2011)http://continuingeducation.construction.com/article.php?L=68&C=488&P=1

Distinguished Contracting Group. “Metal Roofing.” 2008. (Jan. 5, 2011)http://www.dcgflorida.com/roofing-basics.html

Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Roof.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2011. (Jan. 2, 2011)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/509178/roof

Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC). “Energy-Efficient Design for Florida Educational Facilities.” 2007. (Jan. 9, 2011)http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-CR-1682-00/images/e-dsn-3.htm

International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI). “Roofing.” 2011. (Jan. 2, 2011)http://www.nachi.org/roofs.htm

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “Cool Roofs for Hot Climates.” U.S. Department of Energy, Home Energy Saver. 2010. (Dec. 31, 2010)http://hes.lbl.gov/consumer/help-popup/content/~consumer~nrr~cool-roofs

Metal Roofing Alliance. “Frequently Asked Questions.” 2011. (Jan. 7, 2011)http://www.metalroofing.com/v2/content/about/faq.cfm

Midwest Roofing Contractors Association (MRCA). “Beating the Elements: Metal Roof Sales Are Through the Ceiling.” 2011. (Jan. 8, 2011)http://www.mrca.org/i4a/headlines/headlinedetails.cfm?id=277&pageid=3627&archive=0

National Trust for Historic Preservation. “Roofing Links and Resources.” 2011. (Jan. 5, 2011)http://www.preservationnation.org/issues/weatherization/resources/roofing. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “Roof Savings Calculator.” 2010. (Dec. 31, 2010)http://www.roofcalc.com/index.shtml

Urban, Bryan and Roth, Kurt. “Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs.” U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program. July 2010. (Jan. 6, 2011)www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/coolroofguide.pdf

U.S. Department of Energy “Deciding Whether to Install a Cool Roof.” USA.gov. Oct. 20, 2010. (Dec. If you liked this short article along with you desire to be given details about RO housing (listen to this podcast) generously check out our own web-page. 31, 2010)http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/designing_remodeling/index.cfm/mytopic=10096

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “ENERGY STAR Roof Products for Consumers.” EnrgyStar.gov. 2011. (Jan. 3, 2011)http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_code=RO

Zoi, Cathy. “Cool Roofs: An Easy Upgrade.” U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Blog. Dec. 14, 2010. (Dec. 31, 2010)http://blog.energy.gov/blog/2010/12/14/cool-roofs-easy-upgrade

Koi Pond Maintenance

Koi pond and aquarium maintenance simplified. There is no need for a lot of work in order to keep you fish healthy and in a crystal clean environment.

Is Koi pond maintenance getting you down? Do you spend more time and money just trying to keep your pond clean and healthy? As a Koi pond owner, I understand what it is like to constantly clean your pond with little or no success. Just the amount of chemicals I have tried that promise a clear pond. Don’t work could fill a swimming pool. I often wonder what all these chemicals are doing to my fish and the surrounding environment.

Before building our pond I did extensive research into what kind of pump, filter and chemicals to use. The most widely recommended filtration system to use is Biological Filtration (Bio Bead). I would like to discuss my personal findings on this type of filtration system.

Biological filtration works on the theory that waste is trapped by the bio beads themselves and then flushed out when you backwash the filter. In case you loved this information and you wish to receive more info relating to RO membrane housing (cutt.ly) generously visit the page. It also gives beneficial bacteria a place to grow. This beneficial bacteria is supposed to help eliminate algae and promote healthy levels of ph, water filter cartridge nitrogen and phosphorus.

I have found that I never seem to be able to completely backwash all the waste from the filter. I think I get it clean and water filter cartridge then start the system again and notice a cloud of debris being pumped back into my pond. This is after flushing tons of water onto the ground trying to clean the filter. Where I live we don’t have well water and must pay for every drop we use leaving me with a hefty water bill and my pond still dirty.

Even though I have cleaned the filter as instructed, apparently the beneficial bacteria doesn’t want to work for a place to stay because I still had algae. And of course the tons of chemicals I tried, failed to live up to my expectations. I thought that changing my bio beads (maybe they had worn out) would be the answer. It definitely answered one question about this type of filtration system, and that was that the lime and calcium in our water created a nasty cement like mixture in the filter, bonding the bio beads and the waste together. This prevented the system from working as it should.

Now what should I do? I couldn’t change the water I use. I didn’t want to install a filter on my filter. This left me floundering for a while. I finally decided to try a cartridge type filter like the ones used on swimming pools. This was the answer to my problems!

When it was time to clean the filters I took them out and blasted them with a hose. I was surprised not only by how much waste was trapped by the cartridge filter, but also how easy it was to clean them. I only used a fraction of the amount of water needed for back washing. Every once in a while I would soak the filters in a water and bleach solution in a trash can and rinse them out completely and they were as good as new.

I have found some new information about the bio bead filtration and why it’s not as good as promised. Besides never getting all the debris out and the large amounts of water used to backwash, the beneficial bacteria which is supposed to eliminate algae is extremely fragile. If you shut off the system or have a power failure your beneficial bacteria dies. If the water flow is too fast or to slow it may die. If you are replacing water treatment parts or doing a UV water sterilizer change. Your clean water contains any chlorine the bacteria will die. It takes approximately 6 – 7 weeks to grow a colony of bacteria large enough to do any good. You can purchase beneficial bacteria to add to the pond until your colony is large enough to do the work itself, but how do you know the bacteria you have purchased in the bottle is still alive. Needless to say I would much rather use a cartridge type filter that is effective, easy to maintain and I don’t have to worry about it dying. If you would like to find out more information about how to keep your Koi pond or aquarium clean. Healthy then I would suggest you go to http://www.green-out.net.green-out.net. They have a lot of information to help make your pond experience fun instead of a nightmare. You can also find out about their new patented water clarifier that is safe for fish, pets and the environment by clicking here http://www.green-out.net/products.html

Article Tags: Pond Maintenance, Beneficial Bacteria